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33
A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to look for a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what 'key' the professor was referring to? What would the friend explain to him?
Explanation
Identification of a plant is a scientific process. One has to study the general morphological characters along with its habitat, place of collection, time of flowering, etc., for identification. Several reference materials are available in the form of taxonomic keys. Professor meant to refer to these keys to help the student to identify the plant. This concept of key was introduced by Ray. Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category. Keys are analytical in nature and are used as reference to help in identification of a newly discovered plant.
34
Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms without exception. Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro are not living things but surely living reactions. Comment.
Explanation

Metabolism is the sum of all synthesing (anabolic) and breaking down (catabolic) reactions. These are highly specific and enzymatically controlled reactions, which take place inside all the individual cells of unicellular or multicellular organisms.

These are infact the basis of life. These reactions help organism to grow, reproduce, maintain their steady state and respond to stimuli. It can be understood by taking example of digestion.

All organisms need nutrition in the form of food, which is digested by metabolic reactions either intracellularly or extracellularly depending upon the type of organisms. So, all reactions which help the organisms to breakdown food molecules and then assimilate them for their growth and reproduction are metabolic reactions.

Few reactions may be performed outside the cells, under controlled conditions, Chemical reactions usually involve specific set of conditions to take place. All biological reactions are highly specific, selective and are enzyme catalysed.

35
Do you consider a person in coma-living or dead?
Explanation
Consciousness is a defining property of all living organisms. Whereas coma is profound or deep state of unconsciousness lasting more than six hours, in which person can not be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light or sound. Such person exhibit complete absence of awakefulness and unable to consciously feel, speak, hear or move. Such person is brain dead and we consider such person as living dead.
36
What is the similarity and dissimilarity between 'whole moong daal' and 'broken moong daal' in terms of respiration and growth? Based on these parameters classify them into living or non-living?
Explanation

The similarity and dissimilarity between whole moong daal and broken moong daal is as follows

S.N. Whole Moong Daal Broken Moong Daal
1. Whole moong dal is a intact seed of a plant. It is not intact seed.
2. When given all suitable conditions for germination, it germinates. Unable to germinate as vital seed part such as embryo and cotyledons are destroyed.
3. During germination, it resumes metabolic activity. Unable to resume metabolic activity.
4. Due to metabolism activated enzymes hydrolyse stored food in the cotyledons. Broken seed will imbibe water, enzyme will get activated but will not lead to growth.
5. Uses oxygen and respire as a result emits $\mathrm{CO}_2$. Because of destruction of embryo, no respiration, so no $\mathrm{CO}_2$ emission.
6. As seed resumes active metabolism the embryo givens rise to plumule (shoot) and radicle (root). No such growth seen, but broken daal has nurishment value for human as its cotyledons have stored food material rich in protein.

So, we can conclude that broken moong daal does not have viable embryo so does not germinate and does not show any metabolism and growth, but it has great nutritive value as it has good amount of protein and minerals.