It is said that elemental composition of living organisms and that of inanimate objects (like earth's crust) are similar in the sense that all the major elements are present in both. Then what would be the difference between these two groups? Choose a correct answer from among the following.

Many elements are found in living organisms either free or in the form of compounds. One of the following is not found in living organisms.

Amino acids have both an amino group and a carboxyl group in their structure. Which amongst the following is an amino acid?

An amino acid under certain conditions have both positive and negative charges simultaneously in the same molecule. Such a form of amino acid is called

Which of the following sugars howe the same number of carbon as present in glucose?

An acid soluble compound formed by phosphorylation of nucleoside is called

When we homogenise any tissue in an acid, the acid soluble pool represents

The most abundant chemical in living organisms could be

A homopolymer has only one type of building block called monomer repeated ' $n$ ' number of times. A heteropolymer has more than one type of monomer. Proteins are heteropolymers usually made of

Proteins perform many physiological functions. For example, some functions as enzymes. One of the following represents an additional function that some proteins discharge

Glycogen is a homopolymer made of

The number of 'ends' in a glycogen molecule would be

The primary structure of a protein molecule has

Which of the following reactions is not enzyme mediated in biological system?

 

Medicines are either man made (i.e., synthetic) or obtained from living organisms like plants, bacteria, animals, etc., and hence, the latter are called natural products. Sometimes, natural products are chemically altered by man to reduce toxicity or side effects. Write against each of the following whether they were initially obtained as a natural product or as a synthetic chemical.

(a) Penicillin (b) Sulphonamide (c) Vitamin-C (d) Growth hormone

Select an appropriate chemical bond among ester bond, glycosidic bond, peptide bond and hydrogen bond and write against each of the following.

(a) Polysaccharide (b) Protein (c) Fat (d) Water

Write the name of any one amino acid, sugar, nucleotide and fatty acid.

Reaction given below is catalysed by oxidoreductase between two substrates A and A', complete the reaction.

A reduced $+\mathrm{A}^{\prime}$ oxidised $\longrightarrow$

How are prosthetic groups different from co-factors?

Glycine and alanine are different with respect to one substituent on the $\alpha$-carbon. What are the other common substituent groups?

Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin are polysaccharides found among the following. Choose the one appropriate and write against each.

Cotton fibre ...............

Exoskeleton of cockroach ..............

Liver ...............

Peeled potato ..............

Enzymes are proteins. Proteins are long chains of amino acids linked to each other by peptide bonds. Amino acids have many functional groups in their structure.

These functional groups are many of them at least, ionisable. As they are weak acids and bases in chemical nature, this ionisation is influenced by pH of the solution. For many enzymes, activity is influenced by surrounding pH . This is depicted in the curve below, explain briefly.

Is rubber a primary metabolite or a secondary metabolite? Write four sentences about rubber.

Schematically represent primary, secondary and tertiary structures of a hypothetical polymer say for example a protein.

Nucleic acids exhibit secondary structure, justify with example.

Comment on the statement 'living state is a non-equilibrium steady state to be able to perform work'.

Formation of Enzyme substrate complex (ES) is the first step in the catalysed reactions. Describe the other steps till the formation of product.

What are different classes of enzymes? Explain any two with the type of reactions they catalyse.

Nucleic acids exhibit secondary structure. Describe through Watson-Crick model.

What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside? Give two examples of each with their structure.

Describe various forms of lipid with a few examples.