These variants are called biotypes. It is a group of genetically similar plants showing similarity when grown in same environmental and geographical regions. The same environment provide them the similar abiotic factors like soil, pH , temperature, etc. When they are grown in two different geographical regions, they are exposed to different abiotic characters thus, it affects their growth and development bringing changes in their external morphological features but, they have the same genetic constitution.

For preservation of plant material on a herbarium sheet the following tools and steps are required to be followed.

Tools Digger and pruning knife, sickle with long handle, vasculum, polythene bags, magazines or newspapers, blotting papers, plant press, field notebook, herbarium sheets, glue, labels, small transparent polythene bags.

One can prepare herbarium sheets by cutting papers of size $29 \times 41.5 \mathrm{~cm}\left(11 \frac{1}{2} \times 16 \frac{1}{2}\right)^{\prime \prime}$.

The preparation of a herbarium specimen required following steps

(i) Collection of plant or plant parts.

(ii) Pressing It involves the spreading and pressing of collected specimen over a newspaper so as to preserve its all parts.

(iii) Drying It involves the drying of the specimen between the folds of newspaper.

(iv) Poisoning Antifungal (dipping in $2 \% \mathrm{HgCl}_2$ ) and pesticidal (DDT) treatment of the dried specimen.

(v) Mounting It involves mounting of the specimen over a herbarium sheet.

(vi) Labelling and identification of the dried specimen are the last steps, while preparing a herbarium sheet.

Tools/equipments required for the collection of herbarium specimens are as follows

(i) A tin or aluminium container of $50 \times 30 \times 15 \mathrm{~cm}$ size.

(ii) Collection bags/plastic/polythene bags.

(iii) Digger for digging roots.

(iv) Magnifying lens of at least 10X magnification.

(v) Field note book.

A preserved plant material on the herbarium sheet may provide information about the family, genus, species, date of collection, area of collection, etc., for taxonomic studies.

The difference between flora, fauna and vegetation are as below

Flora	Fauna	Vegetation
Flora is a plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring indigenous native plant life.	Fauna is total number of animals found in a particular region at particular time.	It refers to the plant forms of region. It is broad and general term used for a plant forms, which does not include particular taxa or any botanical characteristics.

The terms exotic and endemic refers to

Exotic Species	Endemic Species
Any species of a plant living in any other place except its native place is said to be exotic species. e.g., Eichhornia crassipes is native of Amazonian basin but it was introduced in India, so it is a exotic species in India.	Endemic species are restricted to a particular area, e.g., Rauwolfia serpentina is found only in India, so it is an endemic species found only in India.

There is a need to standardise the naming of living organisms such that a particular organism is known by the same name all over the world. Botanists have solved this problem by setting International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Scientific naming ensures that each organism has only one name in any part of the world. ICBN ensures that such name has not been used for any other organism.

Each name has two components the generic name and the specific epithet. This system of naming is called bionomial nomenclature given by Carolus Linnaeus. e.g., mango has the scientific name Mangifera indica and potato is known as Solanum tuberosum.

Solanum is the largest genus of flowering plants which includes few economically important plants, e.g., potato, tomato, tobacco and brinjal. All these plants show some common morphological structures related to vegetative and reproductive similarities. So, they have the same common name of genus Solanum.