Growth and differentiation in plant and animals can be explained as follows
Growth in Plants | Growth in Animals |
---|---|
Plant growth is indeterminate, i.e., cells can divide and enlarge continuously for life time. |
Animal growth is determinate i.e., till finite period, they mature and stop growing externally. |
Growth is open due to presence of meristematic cells which keep dividing, i.e., growing and replacing new organs. | Cell division is distributed through-out the body of organism to replace old and damaged cells, rather localised at specific regions. |
Structure in plants at tips or meristematic zones is never complete, owing to open ended tips or apices. | After a specific time period i.e., embryonic, the growth rate is reduced in juvenile phase and ceases in maturity. |
Plant growth is in a modular fashion, i.e., grows longitudinally, laterally and in grith. |
Sponges are exception to this. They show open growth as every cell of their body can give rise to an individual and their growth and differentiation is continuous is their life cycle.
On germination a seed first produces shoots with leaves, flowers appear later,
A. Why do you think this happens?
B. How is this advantageous to the plant?
A. As soon as seed germinates, the plant enters into vegetative growth period. This period takes light stimulus (a critical length of light exposed to different plant, i.e., photoperiod) and synthesise the florigen (a flowering hormone) which induce flowering.
B. The vegetative growth period prepares the plant to bear reproductive structures like flower, fruits and seeds, and allows it to grow, mature and reproduce.