In epigynous flower, ovary is situated below the thalamus (inferior) while the other whorls of flower like sepals, petals and androecium grows above the ovary (superior), e.g., carrot, guava, Cucurbita, sunflower, etc.
Add the missing floral organs of the given floral formula of Fabaceae.
The floral formula of Fabaceae family is
Floral character of Fabaceae shows bisexual, zygomorphic, petals-five, gamosepalous, corolla-petals 5, consists of a posterior standard, two lateral wings, two anterior ones forming a keel, androecium, ten diadelphous, gynoecium-superior, ovary monocarpellay.
Name the body part modified for food storage in the following
(a) Carrot ............. (b) Colocasia ............... (c) Sweet potato ............. (d) Asparagus ............. (e) Radish .............. (f) Potato ............. (g) Dahlia ........... (h) Turmeric ............. (i) Gladiolus ............ (j) Ginger ............. (k) Portulaca ............
$$\begin{array}{lll} \text { (a) Carrot } & - & \text { Tap root } \\ \text { (b) Colocasia } & - & \text { Stem-(corm) } \\ \text { (c) Sweet potato } & - & \text { Root } \\ \text { (d) Asparagus } & - & \text { Root } \\ \text { (e) Radish } & - & \text { Root } \\ \text { (f) Potato } & - & \text { Stem } \\ \text { (g) Dahlia } & - & \text { Adventitious root } \\ \text { (h) Turmeric } & - & \text { Stem } \\ \text { (i) Gladiolus } & - & \text { Stem } \\ \text { (j) Ginger } & - & \text { Stem } \\ \text { (k) Portulaca } & - & \text { Adventitious root } \end{array}$$
In banyan tree, prop roots develop from the lower nodes of stem of banyan tree. They grow downwards and touch the soil. Prop roots are meant for support.
In sugarcane, stilt roots arise from the lower nodes of stem and enter the soil to provide strength to the plant. These protect the plant against winds.
Usually the terrestrial roots show a branched network that helps in anchorage and absorption of water and minerals from soil to the plant. While in aquatic plants, roots show modifications and deviation from their normal function. e.g., in plants like Trapa, Tinospora the roots are green and highly branched to increase the photosynthetic area, whereas in plants like Jussiaea. They get inflated due to air project out of water so to help the plant in floating and exchange of gases.
Difference between roots of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants are as
| Aquatic Plants | Terrestrial Plants |
|---|---|
| Roots may be absent, e.g., Wolffia. If roots are present they are not well developed. Usually thin adventitious roots are present. Vascular strands are poorly developed. Modified to carry out photosynthesis food storage and exchange of gases. |
Roots are well developed with root cap and root hairs and branches. Vascular bundles are well developed. Provide anchorage and help in absorption of nutrients from soil. |