21
The following abbreviations are used in the context of excretory functions, what do they stand for?
(a) ANF (b) ADH (b) GFR (d) DCT
Explanation
(a) ANF Atrial Natriuretic Factor
(b) ADH Antidiuretic Hormone
(c) GFR Glomerular Filteration Rate
(d) DCT Distal Convoluted Tubule
22
Differentiate glycosuria from ketonuria.
Explanation
Difference between glycosuria and ketonuria is as follows
| Glycosuria | Ketonuria |
|---|---|
| The presence of glucose in urine is known as glycosuria. It occurs in diabetes mallitus. | Presence of abnormally high ketone bodies in urine is termed as ketonuria. Increase ketones in urine usually occurs at the time of longtime fasting. |
23
What is the role of sebaceous glands?
Explanation
Sebaceous glands are involved in the elimination of certain substances like cholesterol, squalene, triglycerides wax and esetrs through sebum. This secretion provides oily covering to the skin.
24
Name two actively transported substances in glomerular filtrate.
Explanation
The substances that are actively transported in the glomerular filtrate are glucose and amino acids.
25
Mention any two metabolic disorders, which can be diagnosed by analysis of urine.
Explanation
Metabolic disorders that can be diagnosed by analysis of urine are
(i) Hematuria It is the presence of blood or blood cells in the urine, which could be a sign of kidney stone or a tumor in urinary tract.
(ii) Albuminuria It is the presence of albumin in urine and occurs in nephritis i.e., inflammation of glomeruli. In this condition the size of filtering slits becomes enlarged.