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21
A major percentage $(97 \%)$ of $O_2$ is transported by RBCs in the blood. How does the remaining percentage ( $3 \%$ ) of $\mathrm{O}_2$ transported?
Explanation
About $97 \%$ of $\mathrm{O}_2$ is transported by RBCs in the blood. The remaining $3 \%$ of $\mathrm{O}_2$ is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma.
22

Arrange the following terms based on their volumes in an ascending order.

(a) Tidal Volume (TV)

(b) Residual Volume (RV)

(c) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

(d) Expiratory Capacity (EC)

Explanation

(d) Expiratory Capacity (EC) Approximate volume is 1000 mL .

(b) Residual Volume (RV) Approximate volume is 1200 mL .

(c) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) Approximate volume is 2500 to 3000 mL .

(a) Tidal Volume(TV) Approximate volume is 6000 to 8000 mL .

23

Complete the missing terms

(a) Inspiratory Capacity (IC) $=\ldots+$ IRV

(b) $\ldots=\mathrm{TV}+\mathrm{ERV}$

(c) Functional Residual Capacity $(F R C)=E R V+\ldots$

Explanation

(a) Inspiratory Capacity $(\mathrm{IC})=(\mathrm{TV})+(\mathrm{IRV})$ Tidal Volume. Inspiratory Reserve Volume

(b) Expiratory Capacity $(\mathrm{EC})=(\mathrm{TV}+\mathrm{ERV})$ Tidal Volume. Expiratory Reserve Volume

(c) Functional Residual Capacity $(F R C)=(E R V)$ Expiratory $+(R V)$ Reserve Volume. Residual Volume

24

Name the organs of respiration in the following organisms.

(a) Flatworm .............

(b) Birds ............

(c) Frog ............

(d) Cockroach $\qquad$

Explanation

(a) Flatworm General body surface

(b) Birds Lungs

(c) Frog Lungs and moist skin

(d) Cockroach Tracheal tubes

25
Name the important parts involved in creating a pressure gradient between lungs and the atmosphere during normal respiration.
Explanation

The diaphragm and a specialised set of external and intercostals muscles between the ribs, help in the generation of pressure gradient during normal respiration.

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