ExamGOAL
Books
26
Subjective

In a class of 60 students, 25 students play cricket and 20 students play tennis and 10 students play both the games. Find the number of students who play neither.

Explanation

Let $C$ be the set of students who play cricket and $T$ be the set of students who play tennis.

Then, $$n(U)=60, n(C)=25, n(T)=20, \text { and } n(C \cap T)=10$$

$$\therefore \quad n(C \cup T)=n(C)+n(T)-n(C \cap T)$$

$=25+20-10=35$

$$\begin{aligned} \therefore \text { Number of students who play neither } & =n(U)-n(C \cup T) \\ & =60-35=25 \end{aligned}$$

27
Subjective

In a survey of 200 students of a school, it was found that 120 study Mathematics, 90 study Physics and 70 study Chemistry, 40 study Mathematics and Physics, 30 study Physics and Chemistry, 50 study Chemistry and Mathematics and 20 none of these subjects. Find the number of students who study all the three subjects.

Explanation

Let $M$ be the set of students who study Mathematics, $P$ be the set of students who study Physics and $C$ be the set of students who study Chemistry.

Then,

$$\begin{aligned} n(U) & =200, n(M)=120, n(P)=90 \\ n(C) & =70, n(M \cap P)=40, n(P \cap C)=30 \\ n(C \cap M) & =50, n\left(M^{\prime} \cap P^{\prime} \cap C^{\prime}\right)=20 \end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{aligned} & & n(U)-n(M \cup P \cup C) & =20, \\ & & n(M \cup P \cup C) & =200-20=180 \\ \because & & n(M \cup P \cup C) & =n(M)+n(P)+n(C)-n(C \cap M)+n(M \cap P \cap C) \\ \Rightarrow & & 180 & =120+90+70-40-30-50+n(M \cap P \cap C) \\ \Rightarrow & & 180 & =160+n(M \cap P \cap C) \\ \Rightarrow & & n(M \cap P \cap C) & =180-160=20 \end{aligned}$$

So, the number of students who study all the three subjects is 20.

28
Subjective

In a town of 10000 families, it was found that $40 \%$ families buy newspaper $A, 20 \%$ families buy newspaper $B, 10 \%$ families buy newspaper $C, 5 \%$ families buy $A$ and $B, 3 \%$ buy $B$ and $C$ and $4 \%$ buy $A$ and $C$. If $2 \%$ families buy all the three newspaper. Find

(i) the number of families which buy newspaper $A$ only.

(ii) the number of families which buy none of $A, B$ and $C$.

Explanation

Let $A$ be the set of families which buy newspaper $A, B$ be the set of families which buy newspaper $B$ and $C$ be the set of families which buy newspaper $C$.

Then,

$\begin{aligned} n(U) & =10000, n(A)=40 \% n(B)=20 \% \text { and } n(C)=10 \% \\ n(A \cap B) & =5 \% \\ n(B \cap C) & =3 \% \\ n(A \cap C) & =4 \% \\ n(A \cap B \cap C) & =2 \%\end{aligned}$

(i) Number of families which buy newspaper $A$ only

$$\begin{aligned} & =n(A)-n(A \cap B)-n(A \cap C)+n(A \cap B \cap C) \\ & =(40-5-4+2) \%=33 \% \\ 10000 \times 33 / 100 & =3300 \end{aligned}$$

(ii) Number of families which buy none of $A, B$ and $C$

$$\begin{aligned} = & n(U)-n(A \cup B \cup C) \\ = & n(U)-[n(A)+n(B)+n(C)-n(A \cap B)-n(B \cap C) \\ = & -n(A \cap C)+n(A \cap B \cap C)] \\ = & 100-[40+20+10-5-3-4+2] \\ = & 100-60\%=40\%\\ = & 10000 \times \frac{40}{100}=4000 \end{aligned}$$

29
Subjective

In a group of 50 students, the number of students studying French, English, Sanskrit were found to be as follows French =17, English = 13, Sanskrit $=15$ French and English = 09, English and Sanskrit $=4$, French and Sanskrit = 5, English, French and Sanskrit $=3$. Find the number of students who study

(i) only French.

(ii) only English.

(iii) only Sanskrit.

(iv) English and Sanskrit but not French.

(v) French and Sanskrit but not English.

(vi) French and English but not Sanskrit.

(vii) atleast one of the three languages.

(viii) none of the three languages.

Explanation

Let $F$ be the set of students who study French, $E$ be the set of students who study English and $S$ be the set of students who study Sanskrit.

Then,

$$\begin{aligned} n(U)=50, n(F) & =17, n(E)=13, \text { and } n(S)=15 \\ n(F \cap E) & =9, n(E \cap S)=4, n(F \cap S)=5 \\ n(F \cap E \cap S) & =3 \\ \because \quad n(F) & =17 \end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{aligned} \Rightarrow \quad a+b+e+f & =17 \quad \text{.... (i)}\\ n(E) & =13 \\ \Rightarrow \quad b+c+d+e & =13 \quad \text{.... (ii)}\\ n(S) & =15 \\ \Rightarrow \quad d+e+f+g & =15 \quad \text{.... (iii)}\\ n(F \cap E) & =9 \\ \Rightarrow \quad b+e & =9 \quad \text{.... (iv)}\\ n(E \cap S) & =4 \end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{aligned} \Rightarrow \quad e+d & =4 \quad \text{... (v)}\\ n(F \cap S) & =5 \\ \Rightarrow \quad f+e & =5 \quad \text{.... (vi)}\\ n(F \cap E \cap S) & =3 \\ \Rightarrow \quad e & =3\quad \text{.... (vii)} \end{aligned}$$

From Eqs. (vi) and (vii), $f=2$

From Eqs. (v) and (vii), $\quad d=1$

From Eqs. (iv) and (vii), $b=6$

On substituting the values of e, $f$ and $d$ in Eq. (iii), we get

$$\begin{aligned} 1+3+2+g & =15 \\ g & =9 \end{aligned}$$

On substituting the values of $b, d$ ande in Eq. (ii), we get

$$\begin{aligned} 6+c+1+3 & =13 \\ c & =3 \end{aligned}$$

On substituting the values of $b, e$ and $f$ in Eq. (i), we get

$$\begin{aligned} a+6+3+2 & =17 \\ a & =6 \end{aligned}$$

(i) Number of students who study French only, $a=6$

(ii) Number of students who study English only, $c=3$

(iii) Number of students who study Sanskrit only, $g=9$

(iv) Number of students who study English and Sanskrit but not French, $d=1$

(v) Number of students who study French and Sanskrit but not English, $f=2$

(vi) Number of students who study French and English but not Sanskrit, $b=6$

(vii) Number of students who study atleast one of the three languages

$\begin{aligned} & =a+b+c+d+e+f+g \\ & =6+6+3+1+3+2+9=30\end{aligned}$

(viii) Number of students who study none of three languages $=$ Total students $-$ Students who study atleast one of the three languages $=50-30=20$

30
MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Suppose, $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_{30}$ are thirty sets each having 5 elements and $B_1, B_2, B_n$ are $n$ sets each with 3 elements, let $\bigcup_\limits{i=1}^{30} A_i=\bigcup_\limits{j=1}^n B_j=S$ and each element of $S$ belongs to exactly 10 of the $A_i{ }^{\prime}$ 's and exactly 9 of the $B_j$ 's. Then, $n$ is equal to

A
15
B
3
C
45
D
35