(a) The name of the process is cellular respiration.

(b) It is a catabolic process which involves break down of glucose molecule.

$$\underset{\text { Carbohydrate + oxygen }}{\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_6}+6 \mathrm{O}_2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text { carbon dioxide + water + (ATP) }}{6 \mathrm{CO}_2+6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\text { Energy }}$$

(c) Raw material for this process is glucose molecule and oxygen, which are products of photosynthesis, occurring in plants.

The different colours other than green are present in the plant because of presence of chromoplasts. It is a kind of plastid and develops different coloured pigments which are not photosynthetic. Pigment lycopene present in tomato, carrot and chillies, imparts red colour to them.

Both the cell organelles, chloroplast and mitochondria have extra chromosomal DNA and 70S type of ribosomes. The presence of DNA enables then to duplicate, when cell need more mitochondria and the chloroplasts. So they are called as semi-autonomous cell organelles.

(a) Monocot plants belonging to Graminae/Poaceae family, e.g., sugarcane, maize etc., possess these two types of cells. i.e., bundle sheath and mesophyll cell (in kranz anatomy).

(b) A 4-carbon compound oxaloacetic acid is the first product of $\mathrm{C}_4$ cycle.

(c) Mesophyll cells have PEP carboxylase to fix atmospheric $\mathrm{CO}_2$ to form a 4-carbon compound oxalo acetic acid, whereas bundle sheath cells have RuBP carboxylase which fix $\mathrm{CO}_2$ by this enzyme to form 3-carbon compound 3 PGA (3 phosphoglyceric acid).

(a) Photorespiration is the process, which do not produce energy rather consum it.

(b) It is not needed for the survival of $\mathrm{C}_3$ plant.

(c) The end product of this process is $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_2$.

(d) This process involves three cell organelles of the plant cell.

(i) Chloroplast (ii) Peroxisome (iii) Mitochondria