Meiotic arrest at diplotene stage commonly occurs in mammalian occytes. In females, meiosis starts in the embryo and proceeds as for as diplotene, when the chromosomes become diffused and the cells are referred to as being in the dictuate stage. This arrest is under hormonal control.
In many amphibian oocytes binds and insects with a long period of immaturity, the oocyte may be arrested in the dictyate stage for many years and spend a prolonged period in diplotene.
This stage is characterised by formation of lampbrush chromosomes where intense RNA synthesis occurs and most of the genes in the DNA loops are actively transcribed and expressed.
Difference between cytokinesis in plant cell and animal cell is as follows
Cytokinesis in Plant Cell | Cytokinesis in Animal Cell |
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The division of cytoplasm takes place by cell plate formation. | The division of cytoplasm takes place by cleavage. |
The cell plate formation starts at the centre of the cell and grow outward, toward the lateral walls. | Cleavage starts at the periphery and then moves inward, dividing the cell into two parts. |
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The following contrasting differences reveals that telophase is reverse of prophase, in cell division
Prophase | Telophase |
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I'st stage of (karyokinesis ) in cell division, Viscosity of cytoplasm increases. The indistinct and interind DNA condense to form elongated chromosomes. The chromatin disappears and chromosome fibres get shortened and thickened. Spindle fibres appears (awards the poles from the centriole connected in animals with astral rays and in plants without asters Nucleolus degenerate completely. Cell organelles such as ER, Golgi complex disorganise, and difference between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm disappears. ![]() |
Last stage of karyokinesis in cell diveision. Viscodity of cytoplasm deereses. Chromosome groups reorganise themselves into nuclei. Chromosomes elongate and overlap each other to form chromatin. Spindle fibres disappear around the poles. Astral rays also disappear in plants. Nuclear envelope appears and two daughter nuclei are formed at the poles. Cell organelles, i.e., ER and Golgi complex are reformed in the cell. Nucleoplasm also appears in the chromatin area. Making it distinct from rest of cytoplasmic area. ![]() |