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12
Subjective

Find the condition that curves $2 x=y^2$ and $2 x y=k$ intersect orthogonally.

Explanation

$$\begin{array}{rlrl} & \text { Given, equation of curves are } & 2 x =y^2 \quad\text{.... (i)}\\ & \text { and } & 2 x y =k \quad\text{.... (ii)}\\ & \Rightarrow & y =\frac{k}{2 x}\quad\text{[from Eq. (ii)]} \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{lrl} \text { From Eq. (i), } & 2 x & =\left(\frac{k}{2 x}\right)^2 \\ \Rightarrow & 8 x^3 & =k^2 \\ \Rightarrow & x^3 & =\frac{1}{8} k^2 \\ \Rightarrow & x & =\frac{1}{2} k^{2 / 3} \\ \therefore & y & =\frac{k}{2 x}=\frac{k}{2 \cdot \frac{1}{2} k^{2 / 3}}=k^{1 / 3} \end{array}$$

Thus, we get point of intersection of curves which is $\left(\frac{1}{2} k^{2 / 3}, k^{1 / 3}\right)$.

From Eqs. (i) and (ii),

$$2=2 y \frac{d y}{d x}$$

and $$2\left[x \cdot \frac{d y}{d x}+y \cdot 1\right]=0$$

$$\begin{array}{ll} \Rightarrow & \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{1}{y} \\ \text { and } & \left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)=\frac{-2 y}{2 x}=-\frac{y}{x} \end{array}$$

$\Rightarrow\quad\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)_{\left(\frac{1}{2} k^{2 / 3}, k^{1 / 3}\right)}=\frac{1}{k^{1 / 3}}\quad \text { [say } m_1 \text { ] }$

$\text{and}\quad\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)_{\left(\frac{1}{2} k^{2 / 3}, k^{1 / 3}\right)}=\frac{-k^{1 / 3}}{\frac{1}{2} k^{2 / 3}}=-2 k^{-1 / 3}\quad \text { [say } m_2 \text { ] }$

Since, the curves intersect orthogonally.

$$\begin{array}{lrl} \text { i.e., } & m_1 \cdot m_2 & =-1 \\ \Rightarrow & \frac{1}{k^{1 / 3}} \cdot\left(-2 k^{-1 / 3}\right) & =-1 \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{lr} \Rightarrow & -2 k^{-2 / 3}=-1 \\ \Rightarrow & \frac{2}{k^{2 / 3}}=1 \\ \Rightarrow & k^{2 / 3}=2 \\ \therefore & k^2=8 \end{array}$$

which is the required condition.

13
Subjective

Prove that the curves $x y=4$ and $x^2+y^2=8$ touch each other.

Explanation

$$\begin{array}{r} \text{Given equation of curves are}\quad x y=4 \quad\text{.... (i)}\\ \text{and}\quad x^2+y^2=8 \quad\text{.... (ii)}\\ \Rightarrow\quad x \cdot \frac{d y}{d x}+y=0 \end{array}$$

and $$2 x+2 y \frac{d y}{d x}=0$$

$$\begin{array}{ll} \Rightarrow & \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{-y}{x} \\ \text { and } & \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{-2 x}{2 y} \\ \Rightarrow & \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{-y}{x}=m_1 \quad\text{[say]}\\ \text { and } & \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{-x}{y}=m_2\quad\text{[say]} \end{array}$$

$$\begin{aligned} &\text { Since, both the curves should have same slope. }\\ &\begin{array}{ll} \therefore & \frac{-y}{x}=\frac{-x}{y} \Rightarrow-y^2=-x^2 \\ \Rightarrow & x^2=y^2\quad\text{.... (iii)} \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{aligned} &\text { Using the value of } x^2 \text { in Eq. (ii), we get }\\ &\begin{aligned} y^2+y^2 & =8 \\ \Rightarrow\quad y^2 & =4 \Rightarrow y= \pm 2 \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

For $y=2, x=\frac{4}{2}=2$ and for $y=-2, x=\frac{4}{-2}=-2$

Thus, the required points of intersection are $(2,2)$ and $(-2,-2)$.

For $(2,2)$, $$m_1=\frac{-y}{x}=\frac{-2}{2}=-1$$

$$\begin{array}{ll} \text { and } & m_2=\frac{-x}{y}=\frac{-2}{2}=-1 \\ \because & m_1=m_2 \end{array}$$

$$\begin{aligned} &\begin{aligned} \text { For }(-2,-2) \text {, }\quad & m_1=\frac{-y}{x}=\frac{-(-2)}{-2}=-1 \\ \text{and}\quad & m_2=\frac{-x}{y}=\frac{-(-2)}{-2}=-1 \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

Thus, for both the intersection points, we see that slope of both the curves are same. Hence, the curves touch each other.

14
Subjective

Find the coordinates of the point on the curve $\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=4$ at which tangent is equally inclined to the axes.

Explanation

$$\begin{array}{r} \text{We have,}\quad \sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=4 \quad\text{.... (i)}\\ \Rightarrow\quad x^{1 / 2}+y^{1 / 2}=4 \end{array}$$

$$\begin{aligned} \Rightarrow \quad \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{x^{1 / 2}}+\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y^{1 / 2}} \cdot \frac{d y}{d x} & =0 \\ \therefore \quad \frac{d y}{d x} & =-\frac{1}{2} \cdot x^{-1 / 2} \quad 2 \cdot y^{1 / 2} \\ & =-\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}} \end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{aligned} &\text { Since, tangent is equally inclined to the axes. }\\ &\begin{array}{ll} \therefore & \frac{d y}{d x}= \pm 1 \\ \Rightarrow & -\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}= \pm 1 \\ \Rightarrow & \frac{y}{x}=1 \Rightarrow y=x \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

From Eq. (i),

$$\begin{aligned} \sqrt{y}+\sqrt{y} & =4 \\ 2 \sqrt{y} & =4 \end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{array}{lr} \Rightarrow & 2 \sqrt{ } y=4 \\ \Rightarrow & 4 y=16 \end{array}$$

$$\therefore \quad y=4 \text { and } x=4$$

When $\mathrm{y}=4$, then $x=4$

So, the required coordinates are $(4,4)$.

15
Subjective

Find the angle of intersection of the curves $y=4-x^2$ and $y=x^2$.

Explanation

$$\begin{aligned} \text{We have,}\quad & y=4-x^2 \quad\text{.... (i)}\\ \text{and}\quad & y=x^2\quad\text{.... (ii)} \end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{array}{ll} \Rightarrow & \frac{d y}{d x}=-2 x \\ \text { and } & \frac{d y}{d x}=2 x \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ll} \Rightarrow & m_1=-2 x \\ \text { and } & m_2=2 x \\ \text { From Eqs. (i) and (ii), } & x^2=4-x^2 \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{lr} \Rightarrow & 2 x^2=4 \\ \Rightarrow & x^2=2 \\ \Rightarrow & x= \pm \sqrt{2} \\ \therefore & y=x^2=( \pm \sqrt{2})^2=2 \end{array}$$

So, the points of intersection are $(\sqrt{2}, 2)$ and $(-\sqrt{2}, 2)$.

For point $(+\sqrt{2}, 2)$,

$$\begin{aligned} & m_1=-2 x=-2 \cdot \sqrt{2}=-2 \sqrt{2} \\ \text{and}\quad & m_2=2 x=2 \sqrt{2} \end{aligned}$$

and for point $(\sqrt{2}, 2), \quad \tan \theta=\left|\frac{m_1-m_2}{1+m_1 m_2}\right|=\left|\frac{-2 \sqrt{2}-2 \sqrt{2}}{1-2 \sqrt{2} \cdot 2 \sqrt{2}}\right|=\left|\frac{-4 \sqrt{2}}{-7}\right|$

$$\therefore \quad \theta=\tan ^{-1}\left(\frac{4 \sqrt{2}}{7}\right)$$

16
Subjective

Prove that the curves $y^2=4 x$ and $x^2+y^2-6 x+1=0$ touch each other at the point $(1,2)$.

Explanation

We have, $y^2=4 x$ and $x^2+y^2-6 x+1=0$

Since, both the curves touch each other at (1, 2) i.e., curves are passing through $(1,2)$.

$$\begin{array}{lr} \therefore & 2 y \cdot \frac{d y}{d x}=4 \\ \text { and } & 2 x+2 y \frac{d y}{d x}=6 \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ll} \Rightarrow & \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{4}{2 y} \\ \text { and } & \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{6-2 x}{2 y} \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ll} \Rightarrow & \left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)_{(1,2)}=\frac{4}{4}=1 \\ \text { and } & \left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)_{(1,2)}=\frac{6-2 \cdot 1}{2 \cdot 2}=\frac{4}{4}=1 \end{array}$$

$\Rightarrow \quad m_1=1$ and $m_2=1$

Thus, we see that slope of both the curves are equal to each other i.e., $m_1=m_2=1$ at the point (1, 2).

Hence, both the curves touch each other.