What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
Generally, a weak bond such as H-bonding, van der Waals' interactions, etc., is formed between the enzyme and inhibitor. If a strong covalent bond is formed between the enzyme and the inhibitor which cannot be broken easily, then the enzyme is blocked permanently. The body then degrades the enzyme-inhibitor complex and synthesises the new enzyme.
Match the medicines given in Column I with their uses given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A. | Ranitidine | 1. | Tranquilizer |
| B. | Furacine | 2. | Antibiotic |
| C. | Phenelzine | 3. | Antihistamine |
| D. | Chloramphenicol | 4. | Antiseptic |
| 5. | Antifertility drug |
A. $\rightarrow(3)$ B. $\rightarrow$ (4) C. $\rightarrow$ (1) D. $\rightarrow(2)$
A. Ranitidine It prevents the interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach wall. Thus, it controls the secretion of HCl and pepsin in stomach.
B. Furacine Furacine is an antiseptic. It can be applied to the living tissues to kill or to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
C. Phenelzine It is also known as Nardil. Its structure is
It is used to treat depression.
D. Chloramphenicol It is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It can be given orally in case of typhoid, acute fever, dysentary, certain urinary infections, meningitis and pneumonia.
Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A. | Soap chips | 1. | dried miniature soap bubbles |
| B. | Soap granules | 2. | small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps |
| C. | Soap powder | 3. | soap powder + abrasives + builders $\left(\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3, \mathrm{Na}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4\right)$ |
| D. | Scouring soap | 4. | soap powder + builders like $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$ and $\mathrm{Na}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4$ |
A. $\rightarrow(2)$ B. $\rightarrow$ (1) C. $\rightarrow(4)$ D. $\rightarrow(3)$
A. Soap chips are made by running a thin sheet of melted soap into a cool cylinder and scraping off the soaps in small broken pieces.
B. Soap granules are dried miniature soap bubbles.
C. Soap powders contain soap powder and builders like sodium carbonate and trisodium phosphate. Builders make the soap act more rapidly.
D. Scouring soaps contain soap powder, a scouring agent (abrasive) such as powdered pumice or finely divided sand and builders.
Match structures given in Column I with the type of detergents given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A. | $\mathrm{CH}_3\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_{16} \mathrm{COO}\left(\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_n, \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}$ | 1. | Cationic detergent |
| B. | $\mathrm{C}_{17} \mathrm{H}_{35} \mathrm{COO}^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{+}$ | 2. | Anionic detergent |
| C. | $\mathrm{CH}_3-\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{SO}_3^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{+}$ | 3. | Non-ionic detergent |
| D. |  |
4. | Soap |
A. $\rightarrow(3)$ B. $\rightarrow$ (4) C. $\rightarrow$ (2) D. $\rightarrow$ (1)
Non-ionic detergent - $\mathrm{CH}_3\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_{16} \mathrm{COO}\left(\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_n, \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}$
Soap - $\mathrm{C}_{17} \mathrm{H}_{35} \mathrm{COO}^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{+}$
Anionic detergent - $\mathrm{CH}_3-\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{SO}_3^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{+}$
Cationic detergent -
Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A. |  |
1. | Dishwashing powder |
| B. |  |
2. | Laundry soap |
| C. | $${C_{17}}{H_{35}}CO\mathop O\limits^ - \mathop {Na}\limits^ + + N{a_2}C{O_3} + $$ Rosin | 3. | Hair conditioners |
| D. | $\left.\mathrm{CH}_3\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_{16} \mathrm{COO}\left(\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_n \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}\right]$ | 4. | Toothpaste |
A. $\rightarrow$ (3) B. $\rightarrow$ (4) C. $\rightarrow(2)$ D. $\rightarrow$ (1)
A. Hair shampoos /conditioners are made up of cationic detergents. These are quarternary ammonium salts of amines with chlorides, bromides or acetates, e.g., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
B. Anionic detergents are used in toothpaste e.g., sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate. It can be prepared as follows
C. Laundary soaps contain fillers like soidum rosinate. Sodium silicate, borax and sodium carbonate. Sodium rosinate makes the soap to lather well.
D. Dishwashing powder are non-ionic detergents
$$\mathrm{\mathop {C{H_3} - {{(C{H_2})}_{16}}}\limits_{Stearic\,acid} - COOH + HO - \mathop {{{(C{H_2}C{H_2}O)}_n} - C{H_2}}\limits_{Polyethylene\,glycol} - C{H_2}OH\buildrel { - {H_2}O} \over \longrightarrow} \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{C}-\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_{16} \mathrm{COO}\left(\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_n \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}$$