What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of enzyme?
During the catalytic action of an enzyme, enzyme hold the substrate for a chemical reaction. Active sites of enzymes holds the substrate molecule in a suitable position, so that it can be attacked by the reagent effectively.
Substrate bind to the active site of the enzyme through a variety of interactions. These forces are van der Waals' interactions, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interaction.
What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?
Arsphenamine is also known as salvarsan. It is a synthetic organic arsenic compound that was previously used for treating syphilis. Arsphenamine possess $-$ As $=$ As $-$ linkage. Azo dyes are used to promote epithelial growth in the treatment of ulcers, burns, and other wounds. Many azodyes have anticoagulation action. Azo dyes possess $-\mathrm{N}=\mathrm{N}-$ linkage like arsphenamine which possess $-\mathrm{As}=\mathrm{As}-$ linkage.
Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
Tranquilizers are essential components of sleeping pills. It is the class of chemical compounds used for the treatment of stress and mild or even severe mental diseases. These relieve anxiety stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a sense of well beings.
Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.
Aspirin is 2 - acetoxybenzoic acid. It is very effective in reducing or abolishing pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incordination or paralysis or some other disturbance or disorder of the nervous system. It reduces fever (antipyretics) and prevents platelet coagulation.
Due to, it has anti blood clotting action and, therefore, it is widely used to prevent heart attack.
Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?
Histamine is a chemical substance that stimulates the secretion of pepsin and hydrochloric acid in stomach. Antacids are designed to prevent the interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach wall. As a result, less HCl is released in stomach.
Histamine contracts the smooth muscles in the bronchi and gut and relaxes other muscles in walls of fine blood vessels. As a result, histamine causes allergy. Antihistamines interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.
Since, antiallergic and antacids drugs work on different receptors, therefore, antihistamines remove allergy while antacids remove acidity.