Nitric acid forms an oxide of nitrogen on reaction with $\mathrm{P}_4 \mathrm{O}_{10}$. Write the reaction involved. Also write the resonating structures of the oxide of nitrogen formed.
$\mathrm{P}_4 \mathrm{O}_{10}$ being a dehydrating agent, on reaction with $\mathrm{HNO}_3$ removes a molecule of water and forms anhydride of $\mathrm{HNO}_3$.
$$4 \mathrm{HNO}_3+\mathrm{P}_4 \mathrm{O}_{10} \longrightarrow 4 \mathrm{HPO}_3+2 \mathrm{~N}_2 \mathrm{O}_5$$
Resonating structures of $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}_5$ are
(i) white phosphorus (ii) red phosphorus and (iii) black phosphorus. Write the difference between white red and black phosphorus on the basis of their structure and reactivity.
Phosphorus has three allotropic forms -
| White phosphorus | Red phosphorus | Black phosphorus | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | It is less stable form of P | More stable than white P. | It is most stable form of P |
| 2. | It is highly reactive. |
Less reactive than white P. |
It is least reactive. |
| 3. | It has regular tetrahedron structure. | It has polymeric structure. | It has a layered structure. |
Give an example to show the effect of concentration of nitric acid on the formation of oxidation product.
Effect of concentration of nitric acid on the formation of oxidation product can be understood by its reaction with conc $\mathrm{HNO}_3$. Dilute and concentrated nitric acid give different oxidation products on reaction with copper metal.
$$\begin{gathered} 3 \mathrm{Cu}+8 \mathrm{HNO}_3 \text { (Dil.) } \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+2 \mathrm{NO}+4 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \\ \mathrm{Cu}+4 \mathrm{HNO}_3 \text { (Conc.) } \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2+2 \mathrm{NO}_2+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \end{gathered}$$
$\mathrm{PCl}_5$ reacts with finely divided silver on heating and a white silver salt is obtained, which dissolves on adding excess aqueous $\mathrm{NH}_3$ solution. Write the reactions involved to explain what happens.
$\mathrm{PCl}_5$ on reaction with finely divided silver produced silver halide.
$$\mathrm{PCl}_5+2 \mathrm{Ag} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{AgCl}+\mathrm{PCl}_3$$
AgCl on further reaction with aqueous ammonia solution produces a soluble complex of $\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_2\right]^{+} \mathrm{Cl}^{-}$
$\mathrm{AgCl}+2 \mathrm{NH}_3(a q) \longrightarrow \underset{\text { Soluble complex }}{\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_2\right]^{+}} \mathrm{Cl^-}$
Phosphorus forms a number of oxoacids. Out of these oxoacids, phosphinic acid has strong reducing property. Write its structure and also write a reaction showing its reducing behaviour.
Among various forms of oxoacids, phosphinic acid has stronger reducing property.
Reaction showing reducing behaviour of phosphinic acid is as follows
$$4 \mathrm{AgNO}_3+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_2 \longrightarrow 4 \mathrm{Ag} \downarrow+4 \mathrm{HNO}_3+\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4$$