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43
Subjective

In an aqueous solution how does specific conductivity of electrolytes change with addition of water?

Explanation

Conductivity of solution due to total ions present in per unit volume of solution is known as specific conductivity. Specific conductivity decreases due to decrease in the number of ions per unit volume. We add water to aqueous solution, number of ions present in per unit volume decreases.

44
Subjective

Which reference electrode is used to measure the electrode potential of other electrodes?

Explanation

Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is the reference electrode whose electrode potential is taken to be zero. The electrode potential of other electrodes are measured with respect to it .

45
Subjective

Consider a cell given below

$$\mathrm{Cu}\left|\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\right|\left|\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right| \mathrm{Cl}_{2,}, \mathrm{Pt}$$

Write the reactions that occur at anode and cathode.

Explanation

Cell reaction represented in the question is composed of two half cell reactions. These reactions are as follows

At anode $\mathrm{Cu} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2 e^{-}$

At cathode $\mathrm{Cl}_2+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-}$

Copper is getting oxidised at anode. $\mathrm{Cl}_2$ is getting reduced at cathode.

46
Subjective

Write the Nernst equation for the cell reaction in the Daniel cell. How will the $E_{\text {cell }}$ be affected when concentration of $\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}$ ions is increased?

Explanation

$$\begin{aligned} \mathrm{Zn}+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Zn}^{2+}+\mathrm{Cu} & \\ E_{\text {cell }} & =E_{\text {cell }}^{\circ}-\frac{0.0591}{2} \log \left[\frac{\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}}{\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}}\right] \\ E_{\text {cell }}^{\circ} & =E_{\text {cell }}^{\circ}+\frac{0.0591}{2} \log \left[\frac{\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}}{\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}}\right] \end{aligned}$$

According to this equation $E_{\text {cell }}^{\circ}$ is directly dependent on concentration of $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ and inversely dependent upon concentration of $\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}$ ions.

$E_{\text {cell }}$ decreases when concentration of $\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}$ ions is increased.

47
Subjective

What advantage do the fuel cells have over primary and secondary batteries ?

Explanation

Primary batteries contain a limited amount of reactants and are discharged when the reactants have been consumed. Secondary batteries can be recharged but it take a long time. Fuel cell run continuously as long as the reactants are supplied to it and products are removed continuously.