Assertion (A) Presence of a nitro group at ortho or para position increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution.

Reason (R) Nitro group, being an electron withdrawing group decreases the electron density over the benzene ring.

Assertion (A) In monohaloarenes, further electrophilic substitution occurs at ortho and para positions.

Reason (R) Halogen atom is a ring deactivator.

Assertion (A) Aryl iodides can be prepared by reaction of arenes with iodine in the presence of an oxidising agent.

Reason (R) Oxidising agent oxidises $\mathrm{I}_2$ into HI.

Assertion (A) It is difficult to replace chlorine by -OH in chlorobenzene in comparsion to that in chloroethane.

Reason (R) chlorine carbon ( $\mathbf{C}-\mathbf{C l}$ ) bond in chlorobenzene has a partial double bond character due to resonance

Assertion (A) Hydrolysis of (-)-2-bromooctane proceeds with inversion of configuration.

Reason (R) This reaction proceeds through the formation of a carbocation.