Which analgesics are called opiates?
Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system. These are classifieds in two categories
(i) Non-narcotic (non-addicitive) analgesics - Aspirin and paracetamol belong to the class of non-narcotic analgesics.
(ii) Narcotic analgesics-Morphine and many of its homologues, when administered in medicinal doses, relieve pain and produce sleep. In poisonous doses, these produce stupor, coma, convulsions and ultimately death. Morphine narcotics are sometimes referred to as opiates, since they are obtained from the opium poppy.
What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?
Narcotic analgesics (morphine and many of its homologous) when administered in medicinal doses, relieve pain and produce sleep. Since, these drugs relieve pain and produce sleep, therefore are chiefly used for the relief of postoperative pain, cardian pain and pains of terminal cancer, and in child birth.
What are antagonistic drugs ?
Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonist, drugs e.g., cimetidine is an antagonist drug because it binds to the receptor site in stomach otherwise histamine will bind to the receptor site and induce the secretion of HCl in stomach.
Thus, this antacid blocks the receptor site and hence, the secretion of HCl is reduced thereby reducing/removing hyperacidity.
What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?
An antimicrobes tend to destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, virus or other parasites selectively. Thus, antimicrobial are drugs which cure diseases caused by microorganisms.
What is the side product of soap industry ? Give reactions showing soap formation.
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. Soaps containing sodium salts are formed by heating fat (i.e., glyceryl ester of fatty acid) with aqueous sodium hydroxide Ans.
This reaction is known as saponification. In this reaction, esters of fatty acids are hydrolysed and the soap obtained remains in colloidal form. It is precipitated from the solution by adding NaCl . The solution left after removing the soap contains glycerol as side product.