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21
Subjective

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds.

Explanation

Following are the IUPAC names of the compounds

22
Subjective

Give the structure of the following compounds.

(a) 4-nitropropiophenone

(b) 2-hydroxycyclopentanecarbaldehyde

(c) Phenyl acetaldehyde

Explanation

23
Subjective

Write IUPAC names of the following structures

Explanation

The IUPAC names of the following structures are

24
Subjective

24 Benzaldehyde can be obtained from benzal chloride. Write reactions for obtaining benzal chloride and then benzaldehyde from it.

Explanation

It is the commercial method for preparing benzaldehyde. Benzal chloride can be obtained by photochlorination of toluene i.e., chlorination of toluene in presence of sunlight. Then, benzal chloride on heating with boiling water produces benzaldehyde as shown below.

25
Subjective

Name the electrophile produced in the reaction of benzene with benzoyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous $\mathrm{AlCl}_3$. Name the reaction also.

Explanation

Benzene, on reaction with benzoyl chloride undergo formation of benzophenone through intermediate benzoylinium cation.

This is an example of Friedel-Craft acylation reaction.