What product will be formed on reaction of propanal with 2-methylpropanal in the presence of NaOH ? What products will be formed? Write the name of the reaction also.
It is an example of cross aldol condensation.
Compound ' $A$ ' was prepared by oxidation of compound ' $B$ ' with alkaline $\mathrm{KMnO}_4$. Compound ' $A$ ' on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride gets converted back to compound ' B '. When compound ' A ' is heated with compound $B$ in the presence of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ it produces fruity smell of compound C to which family the compounds ' A ', ' B ' and ' C ' belong to?
Since, B and A on heating together in the presence of acid produces ester (a fruity smell).
Arrange the following in decreasing order of their acidic strength. Give explanation for the arrangement.
$$\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{COOH}, \mathrm{FCH}_2 \mathrm{COOH}, \mathrm{NO}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{COOH}$$
The decreasing order of their acidic strength
$$\mathrm{NO}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{COOH}>\mathrm{FCH}_2 \mathrm{COOH}>\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{COOH}$$
Acidic strength decreases as the number of electron withdrawing substituent(s) linked to $\alpha$-carbon atom or carboxylic group of carboxylic acid decreases. Electron withdrawing ability of $\mathrm{NO}_2, \mathrm{~F}$ and $\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5$ are as follows
$$-\mathrm{NO}_2>-\mathrm{F}>\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5-$$
but alkenes show electrophilic addition reactions whereas carbonyl compounds show nucleophilic addition reactions. Explain.
Nature of chemical reaction occurring on $>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}<$ bond or $>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}$ bond can be explained on the basis of nature of bond between $>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}<$ and $>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}$.
Thus, in $>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}$ carbon acquires partially positive charge and O acquires partially negative charge and show nucleophilic addition reaction to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. On the other hand, $>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}<$ undergo electrophilic addition reaction due to nucleophilic nature of $>\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}<$ which contains $\pi$ bond.
Carboxylic acids contain carbonyl group but do not show the nucleophilic addition reaction like aldehydes or ketones. Why?
Carboxylic acid contain carbonyl group but do not show nucleophilic addition reaction like aldehyde and ketone. Due to resonance as shown below the partial positive charge on carbonyl carbon atom is reduced.
