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21
MCQ (Multiple Correct Answer)

Nucleophile is a species that should have

A
a pair of electrons to donate
B
positive charge
C
negative charge
D
electron deficient species
22
MCQ (Multiple Correct Answer)

Hyperconjugation involves delocalisation of .......... .

A
electrons of carbon-hydrogen $\sigma$ bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system.
B
electrons of carbon-hydrogen $\sigma$ bond of alkyl group directly attached to the positively charged carbon atom.
C
$\pi$-electrons of carbon-carbon bond
D
lone pair of electrons.
23
Subjective

Which of the above compounds form pairs of metamers?

Explanation

Metamerism arises due to different alkyl chains on either side of the functional group in the molecule. In the given structures V and VI or VI and VII form a pair of metamers because they differ in carbon atoms on the either side of the functional group, i.e., O-atom.

24
Subjective

Identify the pairs of compounds which are functional group isomers.

Explanation

Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different functional groups are called functional isomers.

In the given structure I, II, III, IV represent alcohols as functional group, whereas V, VI, VII are ethers.

Hence, I and V, I and VI, I and VII, II and V, II and VI, II and VII, III and V, III and VI, III and VII, IV and V, IV and VI, IV and VII all are functional group isomers.

25
Subjective

Identify the pairs of compounds that represents position isomerism.

Explanation

When two or more compounds differ in position of substituent atom or functional group on the carbon skeleton, they are position isomers. In the given structures, I and II; III and IV, and VI and VII are position isomers.