Phosphate containing fertilisers cause water pollution. Addition of such compounds in water bodies causes ............... .
The acids present in acid rain are ............. .
The consequences of global warming may be .......... .
Green house effect leads to global warming. Which substances are responsible for green house effect?
The various gases which bring green house effect responsible for global warming are the following with relative contributions
| Various gases | Relative contribution |
|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide | 50% |
| Water vapour | 2% |
| Nitrous oxide | 4% |
| Ozone | 8% |
| Chlorofluorocarbons | 17% |
| Methane | 19% |
Acid rain is known to contain some acids. Name these acids and where from they come in rain?
Acid rain contains $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3, \mathrm{HNO}_3$ and $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 \cdot \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$ is formed by the dissolution of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ of the air in which the water vapour present.
$$\mathrm{CO}_2+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$$
Forest fire and lightning are the natural source of nitric oxide (NO). Nitrogen oxides are also produced by combustion engines, aircraft, furnaces, incinerators, industrial plants. Nitric oxide slowly reacts with atmospheric air and produce $\mathrm{NO}_2 \cdot \mathrm{NO}_2$ dissolves in water to form $\mathrm{HNO}_3$.
$$3 \mathrm{NO}_2+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{HNO}_3+\mathrm{NO}$$
Sulphur oxides are produced by the burning of fossil fuels and in extraction of metals from their sulphide ores etc. Sulphur dioxide also produces sulphuric acid in the similar way.
$$\mathrm{SO}_2+\mathrm{O}_2+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \xrightarrow[\text { Metal oxide }]{\text { Soot particles }} \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4+[\mathrm{O}]$$