Group the following as linear and non-linear molecules.
$$\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{HOCl}, \mathrm{BeCl}_2, \mathrm{Cl}_2 \mathrm{O}$$
The structure of the given molecules are
Therefore, only BeCl$$_2$$ is linear and rest of the molecules are non-linear.
Elements $X, Y$ and $Z$ have 4, 5 and 7 valence electrons respectively.
(a) Write the molecular formula of the compounds formed by these elements individually with hydrogen.
(b) Which of these compounds will have the highest dipole moment?
(a) 
(b) $Z$ has seven electrons in its valence shell. It is the most electronegative element. Therefore, HZ will have the highest dipole moment.
Draw the resonating structure of
(a) ozone molecule
(b) nitrate ion
(a) The resonating structure of ozone molecule may be written as
(b) The resonating structure of nitrate ion $\left(\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}\right)$ is
Predict the shapes of the following molecules on the basis of hybridisation.
$$\mathrm{BCl}_3, \mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{CO}_2, \mathrm{NH}_3$$
In $\mathrm{BCl}_3$, the geometry is trigonal planar is due to $s p^2$ hybridisation.
The shape of $\mathrm{CH}_4$ is tetrahedral due to $s p^3$ hybridisation.
CO$$_2$$ show linear shape because of sp hybridisation.
The geometry of $\mathrm{NH}_3$ is pyramidal shape and has $s p^3$ hybridisation.
All the $\mathrm{C}-0$ bonds in carbonate ion $\left(\mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}\right)$ are equal in length. Explain.
Carbonate ion $\left(\mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}\right)=3$ bond pair +1 lone pair $\Rightarrow$ trigonal planar
Due to resonance all C$$-$$O bond length are equal.