Males in whom testes fail to descend to the scrotum are generally infertile. Why?
Since, the testes are very sensitive to temperature, if they do not descend into the scrotum prior to adolescence, then they will stop producing sperms that will lead to infertility in males.
Mention two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive method.
The two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive method are mentioned as below
(i) If the mother is breast feeding completely, she would not ovulate, so chances of conception would be low.
(ii) She would not need to use any pill or devices for birth control. So, there will be no side effects.
Suggest some important steps that you would recommend to be taken to improve the reproductive health standards in India.
Following measures are needed to be taken to improve the reproductive health standards in India
(i) Providing infrastructural facilities and professional expertise to attain reproductive health.
(ii) Educating people about birth control methods, care of pregnant mothers, importance of breast feeding, safe and hygienic sexual practices and safeguard against STDs.
(iii) Introduction of sex education in schools to give proper information to the young minds about sex-related aspects.
(iv) Help of audio-visual and print media to create awareness among people about reproduction related aspects.
(v) Awareness of problems due to population explosion, social evils like sex-abuse and sex-related crimes.
(vi) Statutory ban on amniocentesis to legally check female foeticides.
The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the Fallopian tube. Can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result? Explain.
The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the Fallopian tube. Gametes cannot be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result because the uterine environment is not congenial for the survival of the gamete.
If directly transferred to the uterus they will undergo degeneration or could be phagocytosed and hence, viable zygote would not be formed.
Copper ions-releasing IUDs are more efficient than non-medicated methods. Why?
Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs) are inserted in the uterus through vagina and are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs,copper releasing IUDs and hormone releasing IUDs Cu ions-releasing IUDs are more efficient methods because
(i) Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity of sperms.
(ii) It increases phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
(iii) It is one of the safest, most effective, convenient and least expensive reversible contraceptives available.
(iv) It has no systemic effects and can be safely used by breast-feeding women.