Progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations play an important role in contraception. They are used in the form of tablets or pills. They inhibit ovulation and hence implantation.

They are also used by females as injections or implants under the skin. Their mode of action is similar to that of pills but their effective periods are longer.

Strict conditions are to be followed in Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) procedures due to following two reasons

(a) to get rid of unwanted pregnancies.

(b) it is also essential when the foetus is suffering from an incurable disease or when continuation of the pregnancy could be harmful or even fatal to the mother and or foetus.

Since, the testes are very sensitive to temperature, if they do not descend into the scrotum prior to adolescence, then they will stop producing sperms that will lead to infertility in males.

The two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive method are mentioned as below

(i) If the mother is breast feeding completely, she would not ovulate, so chances of conception would be low.

(ii) She would not need to use any pill or devices for birth control. So, there will be no side effects.

Following measures are needed to be taken to improve the reproductive health standards in India

(i) Providing infrastructural facilities and professional expertise to attain reproductive health.

(ii) Educating people about birth control methods, care of pregnant mothers, importance of breast feeding, safe and hygienic sexual practices and safeguard against STDs.

(iii) Introduction of sex education in schools to give proper information to the young minds about sex-related aspects.

(iv) Help of audio-visual and print media to create awareness among people about reproduction related aspects.

(v) Awareness of problems due to population explosion, social evils like sex-abuse and sex-related crimes.

(vi) Statutory ban on amniocentesis to legally check female foeticides.