What is commensalism?
Commensalism is an interaction where one species is benefitted and the other is unaffected. e.g., an orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch.
Name the association in which one species produces poisonous substance or a change in environmental conditions that is harmful to another species.
Parasitism is the association in which one species produces poisonous substance or a change in environmental conditions that is harmful to another species. Examples are protozoans such as Amoeba and Plasmodium vivax that lives in human body and cause diseases.
What is mycorrhiza?
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the root of higher plants like conifers i.e., Pinus and leguminous plants.
Emergent land plants that can tolerate the salinities of the sea are called.
Halophytes emergent land plants that can tolerate the salinities of sea and are even able to maintain their water supply from the same are called as halophytes.
Why do high altitude areas have brighter sunlight and lower temperatures as compared to the plains?
At high altitude the sun light is brighter as compared to plains, it is because of reduced distance from the sun and particles free air. Similarly lower temperatures are because of lower atmospheric pressure which is more in plains as compared to high altitude.