Given below are the events in human reproduction. Write them in correct sequential order.
Insemination, gemetogenesis, fertilisation, parturition, gestation, implanation.
The reproductive events in humans include
(i) Gametogenesis Formation of gemetes (sperm in males, ova in females).
(ii) Insemination Transfer of sperm into female reproductive tract.
(iii) Fertilisation Fusion of male and female gemetes.
(iv) Implantation Formation, development and then attachment of blastocyst to the uterine wall.
(v) Gestation Embryonic development inside female body.
(vi) Parturition Delivery of the baby.
The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps in blank boxes.
The seminiferous tubules of the testes open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis. The vasa efferentia leave the testes and open into epididymis located along the posterior surface of each testes. The epididymis leads to vas deferens that ascends to the abdomen and loops over the urinary bladder.
It receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as the ejaculatory duct. These ducts store and transport the sperms from the testes to the outside through urethra.
$$ \text { What is the role of cervix in the human female reproductive system? } $$
(i) The fundus is the broad, curved, dome-shaped upper area that receives the Fallopian tubes.
(ii) The body is the main part of the uterus, that starts directly below the level of the Fallopian tubes and continues downward until the uterine walls and cavity begin to narrow.
(iii) The isthmus is the lower, narrow neck region.
(iv) The cervix is the lowest part that extends downward from the isthmus until it opens into the vagina.
Why are menstrual cycles absent during pregnancy?
The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels which forms liquid that comes out through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertillised.
During pregnancy, all events of the menstrual cycle stop and the corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for the maintenance of the endometrium. These changes lead to no menstruation, during pregnancy.
Female reproductive organs and associated functions are given below in column I and II. Fill the blank blanks.
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| Ovaries | Ovulation |
| Oviduct | $A$ |
| $B$ | Pregnancy |
| Vagina | Birth |
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| Ovaries | Ovulation |
| Oviduct | Fertilisation |
| Uterus | Pregnancy |
| Vagina | Birth |
The female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of Fallopian tubes (oviducts), uterus, vagina, external genitalia and mammary glands.
The ovaries have both an exocrine function (production of ova) and an endocrine function (secretion) of female sex hormones.
The oviduct (Fallopian tube) conveys the egg from the ovary to the uterus, and also provides the appropriate environment for its fertilisation. The uterus (womb) is a large, inverted, pear-shaped, elastic sac specialised for the development of the embryo.
The vagina is adapted for receiving the penis during copulation, allowing menstrual flow and serving as the birth canal during parturition