The following table shows certain diseases, their causative organisms and symptoms. Fill the gaps.
| Diseases | Causative organisms | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Ascariasis | Ascaris | __ |
| __ | Trichophyton | Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body |
| Typhoid | __ | High fever, weakness, headache, stomach pain and constipation. |
| Pneumonia | Streptococcus | __ |
| __ | Rhino | Nasal congestion and discharge, sorethroat, cough headache |
| Filariasis | __ | Inflammation in lower limbs |
| Diseases | Causative organisms | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Bacterial Typhoid |
Salmonella typhi | High fever, weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of appetite. Intestinal perforation and death may occur in severe cases. |
| Pneumonia | Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae | Fever, chills, cough and headache. In severe cases, the lips and finger nails may turn gray to bluish in colour. |
| Viral Common cold |
Rhino viruses | Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache tiredness. |
| Worms Ascariasis |
Ascaris lumbricoides | Internal bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anaemia and blockage of the intestinal passage. |
| Filariasis | Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi) | Chronic inflammation and deformation of the organs and genital organs. |
| Ring worms | Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton | Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp. |
| Parasitic Malaria |
Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malariae and $P$. falciparum) | High fever, chills, sweating, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite. |
| Amoebiasis | Entamoeba histolytica | Constipation, abdominal pain and cramps, stools with excess mucous and blood clots. |
The outline structure of a drug is given below.
(a) Which group of drugs does this represent?
(b) What are the modes of consumption of these drugs?
(c) Name the organ of the body which is affected by consumption of these drugs.
(a) It represents cannabinoids group of drugs.
(b) Mode of consumption-nasal inhalation or oral in take.
(c) Organs affected-heart and cardiovascular system.
Give the full form of CT and MRI. How are they different from each other? Where are they used?
CT-Computed Tomography. It uses X-rays to generate 3-D images of internal organs. MRI-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to detect pathological and physiological changes in the living tissue accuratily.
Both are used in cancer detection.
Many secondary metabolites of plants have medicinal properties. It is their misuse that creates problems. Justify the statement with an example.
Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, lysergic acid diethylamides (LSD) and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patients coping with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia. Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery.
Misuse of plant metabolites fruits and seeds in amounts/frequency more than prescribed for medicinal purposes can impair one's physical, physiological or functional behaviour creating problem for the society and slowly moves towards the eaternal truth (death).
Why cannabinoids are banned in sports and games?
Cannabinoids are banned in sports, as athletes misuse these drugs to enhance their performance. But drugs obtained from cannabinoids can cannatnads have, a serious negative effect on their general health and in long term can hamper the normal functioning of organ system.