One of the following is not the causal organism for ringworm
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Macrosporum
A person with sickle-cell anaemia is
more prone to malaria
more prone to typhoid
less prone to malaria
less prone to typhoid
Certain pathogens are tissue/organ specific. Justify the statement with suitable example.
Certain pathogens are tissue/organ specific as they are adapted to overcome the resistance mechanisms of those tissues and organs, e.g., the pathogens that enter the gut must know a way of surviving in the stomach at low pH and resistant to various digestive enzymes.
The immune system of a person is suppressed. In the ELISA test, was found positive to a pathogen.
(a) Name the diseases the patient is suffering from.
(b) What is the causative organisms?
(c) Which cells of body are affected by the pathogen?
The immune system of a person is suppressed. In the ELISA test, he was found positive to a pathogen.
(a) The patient is suffering from AIDS.
(b) AIDS is caused by Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV). It is a retro virus containing RNA as genetic material.
(c) Macrophages and helper T-cells are affected by the pathogen.
$$ \text { Where are B-cells and T-cells formed? How do they differ from each other? } $$
Both type of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system are produced in the bone marrow.
$B$ and $T$-cells are different from each other in the following aspects
| B-lymphocytes (B-cell) | T-lymphocytes (T-cell) |
|---|---|
| They mature in bone marrow. | They mature in thymus gland. |
| They produce antibody against antigen. | They directly attack the antigen or attach B-cells to produce antibody. |
| They do not respond to organ transplantation. | They respond to organ transplantation. |
| High fever, weakness stomach pain, loss of appetite and constipation | Typhoid |