The other two factors that affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are mutation and natural selection.

Mutation is a sudden heritable change in an organism which is generally due to change in the base sequence of the nucleic acid in the organism's genome.

Microbial experiments show that pre-existing advantageous mutations when selected will result in formation of new phenotypes. Over few generations, this would result in speciation. Thus, resulting in changed frequency of genes and alleles.

Natural selection is a phenomenon by which organisms possessing heritable variations enabling their better survival reproduce and leave greater number of progeny than their counterpart.

It can lead to stabilisation (in which more individuals acquire mean character value), directional change (more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value) or disruption (more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve).

Sometimes, a small number of individuals become isolated from a larger population to form a new population at some distance away from their place of origin.

The gene pool of the new population differs from the source population. It is possible that the change in allele frequency is so drastically different in the new sample that they become a different species. The original driftted population becomes founders and this effect is called founder effect.

Ramapithecus was more man-like. It walked erect on its hind legs, ate hard nuts and seeds like modern man and had jaws and teeth similar to humans. It arose from Dryopithecus, which was considered to be a common ancestor of man and apes.

Dryopithecus was more ape-like with same length of arms and legs.

The first hominid was known as Homo habilis. The brain capacities were between 650-800cc. They probably did not eat meat.

Homo habilis probably did not eat meat. This creature was the first human like being, with brain capacities between 650-800cc.